目的 解决抗冰结构原型和缩尺模型在动态冰载荷作用下应变率效应不一致的问题,形成考虑尺度效应的抗冰结构缩尺模型设计方法。方法 以抗冰结构基本单元加筋板为例,假定不考虑冰体的缩尺效应,利用Cowper-Symonds本构模型,考虑抗冰结构在动态载荷作用下的应变率强化效应,并给出缩尺模型和原型中的应力关系,分别计算原型抗冰结构和具有任意缩尺比抗冰结构缩尺模型与冰体以一定速度发生碰撞时的碰撞力,分别提取抗冰结构原型和缩尺模型中心处的等效塑性应变,通过保持原型和缩尺模型的应变率相似,给出抗冰结构缩尺模型与冰体的碰撞速度。结果 计算了抗冰结构原型以及缩尺比为0.9、0.8、0.2等3种情况的缩尺模型与冰体发生碰撞后的碰撞力、等效塑性应变以及应变率,抗冰结构进入塑性区域集中在冰体与其接触的范围内,各缩尺模型的应变率随着缩尺比的增加呈现总体增加的效果。利用本研究所提方法计算得到的抗冰结构缩尺模型与冰体碰撞的速度相较于原型增加,对比改变抗冰结构缩尺模型与冰体碰撞前后的碰撞力,修正速度后均可有效减少原型和缩尺模型间的碰撞力差异,且误差均可控制在8%以内,即可以通过本研究所提方法开展缩尺模型试验,从而有效预测抗冰结构原型承载力。结论 抗冰结构原型和缩尺模型之间存在尺度效应,通过本研究所提的对碰撞速度修正的方法,可以有效解决尺度效应引起的应力状态、应变率不一致问题,从而实现抗冰结构原型和缩尺模型碰撞力的相似。
Abstract
The work aims to address the inconsistency of strain rate effects between the prototype and scaled models of ice-resistant structures under dynamic ice loads and develop a design method for scaled models of ice-resistant structures considering scale effects. By taking the stiffened plate, a basic unit of ice-resistant structures, as an example, and assuming that the scale effect of ice was not considered, the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model was used to account for the strain rate hardening effect of ice-resistant structures under dynamic loads and provide the stress relationship between the scaled model and the prototype. The collision forces when the prototype ice-resistant structure and the scaled model with arbitrary scaling ratios collided with ice at a certain speed were calculated respectively. The equivalent plastic strains at the center of the ice-resistant structure prototype and the scaled model were extracted respectively. By maintaining the similarity of strain rates between the prototype and the scaled model, the collision speed of the scaled model of the ice-resistant structure and the ice was given. The collision forces, equivalent plastic strains, and strain rates after the prototype ice-resistant structure and the scaled models with scaling ratios of 0.9, 0.8, and 0.2 collided with ice were calculated. The plastic region of the ice-resistant structure was concentrated in the range where it was in contact with the ice. The strain rates of each scaled model increased overall with the increase of the scaling ratio. The collision speed of the scaled model of the ice-resistant structure and the ice calculated by the method proposed was higher than that of the prototype. By comparing the collision forces before and after the collision between the scaled model of the ice-resistant structure and the ice, the differences in collision forces between the prototype and the scaled model could be effectively reduced after the speed was corrected, and the errors could all be controlled within 8%. Therefore, the bearing capacity of the prototype of the ice-resistant structure could be effectively predicted by conducting scaled model tests with the method proposed. There is a scale effect between the prototype and the scaled model of the ice-resistant structure. By using the method proposed to correct the collision speed, the problems of inconsistent stress states and strain rates caused by the scale effect can be effectively solved, thereby achieving the similarity of collision forces between the prototype and the scaled model of the ice-resistant structure.
关键词
抗冰结构 /
动态冰载荷 /
缩尺模型 /
尺度效应 /
应变率 /
碰撞力
Key words
ice-resistant structures /
dynamic ice loads /
scaled models /
scale effects /
strain rate /
collision forces
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